Question--did you have an Apple II or a Macintosh?
Math Blaster was available for both the Mac and Apple II--the Apple II's usually used 5.25" disks if you need a quick and dirty way to tell them apart.
I'm assuming the Math Blaster that Rainbow Bright is referring to is New Math Blaster Plus. You had four game modes in this one--Number Recycler, Trash Zapper, Rocket Launcher, and Math Blaster. There was also a spinoff called Math Blaster Mystery.
Other possibilities:
OutNumbered (Macintosh)
Number Maze (Macintosh)
Number Munchers (both)
Stickybear Math (for Apple II)
Math Rabbit (both)
All of these games are quite good and IMO are better than what they sell today--as an ed major I plan on using these old Macs I got from my high school in a classroom someday.